EVENTS:
- 1602 – The Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford is opened to the public.
- 1895 – While experimenting with electricity, Wilhelm Röntgen discovers the X-ray.
- 1965 – The British Indian Ocean Territory is created, consisting of Chagos Archipelago, Aldabra, Farquhar and Des Roches islands.
- 1976 – A series of earthquakes spreads panic in the city of Thessaloniki, which is evacuated.
- 1985 – Lloyd J. Old discovery of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a key immune signaling molecule (cytokine) that, in addition to its promise for the treatment of cancer and other diseases.
- 2011 – The potentially hazardous asteroid 2005 YU55 passes 0.85 lunar distances from Earth (about 324,600 kilometres or 201,700 miles), the closest known approach by an asteroid of its brightness since 2010 XC15 in 1976.
- 2013 – Typhoon Haiyan, one of the strongest tropical cyclones ever recorded, strikes the Visayas region of the Philippines. The storm left at least 6,340 people dead with over 1,000 still missing, and caused S$2.86 billion (USD) in damage.
- 2016 – Donald Trump is elected 45th President of the United States defeating Hillary Clinton. She is the fifth presidential candidate in U.S. history to win the popular vote but lose the election.
- 2016 – Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announces withdrawal of ₹500 and ₹1000 denomination banknotes effective midnight, making 86% of the currency in circulation invalid.
- 2020 – Myanmar holds the 2020 general election, re-electing a government led by the National League for Democracy, which is deposed by the Burmese military the following February during the 2021 Myanmar coup d’état.
BIRTHS:
- 1866 – Herbert Austin, 1st Baron Austin, English businessman, founded the Austin Motor Company (d. 1941)
- 1919 – Purushottam Laxman Deshpande, Indian actor, screenwriter, and author (d. 2000)
- 1920 – Sitara Devi, Indian actress, dancer, and choreographer (d. 2014)
- 1922 – Ademir Marques de Menezes, Brazilian footballer, coach, and sportscaster (d. 1996)
- 1923 – Jack Kilby, American physicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
- 1929 – Bobby Bowden, American football player and coach
- 1943 – Martin Peters, English footballer and manager
- 1953 – Nand Kumar Patel, Indian politician (d. 2013)
- 1961 – Micky Adams, English footballer and manager
- 1976 – Brett Lee, Australian cricketer and sportscaster
- 1984 – Kuntal Chandra, Bangladeshi cricketer (d. 2012)
- 1987 – Sam Bradford, American football player
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
