EVENTS:
- 1675 – Gottfried Leibniz demonstrates integral calculus for the first time to find the area under the graph of y = ƒ(x).
- 1889 – The State of Washington is admitted as the 42nd state of the United States.
- 1930 – Patent number US1781541 is awarded to Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd for their invention, the Einstein refrigerator.
- 1966 – NASA launches Gemini 12.
- 1968 – A second republic is declared in the Maldives.
- 1975 – Independence of Angola.
- 2012 – A strong earthquake with the magnitude 6.8 hits northern Burma, killing at least 26 people.
- 2014 – Fifty-eight people are killed in a bus crash in the Sukkur District in southern Pakistan‘s Sindh province.
- 2020 – Typhoon Vamco makes landfall in Luzon and several offshore islands, killing 67 people. The storm causes the worst floods in the region since Typhoon Ketsana in 2009.
- 2022 – Russo-Ukrainian War: Ukrainian armed forces enter the city of Kherson following a successful two-month southern counteroffensive.
BIRTHS:
- 1864 – Alfred Hermann Fried, Austrian journalist and activist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1921)
- 1888 – Abul Kalam Azad, Indian activist, scholar, and politician (d. 1958)
- 1888 – J. B. Kripalani, Indian lawyer and politician (d.1982)
- 1974 – Wajahatullah Wasti, Pakistani cricketer
- 1977 – Ben Hollioake, English cricketer (d. 2002)
- 1978 – Lou Vincent, New Zealand cricketer
- 1980 – Willie Parker, American football player
- 1984 – Stephen Hunt, English footballer
- 1986 – Victor Cruz, American football player
- 1988 – Kyle Naughton, English footballer
- 1993 – Jamaal Lascelles, English footballer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
- Independence of Cartagena (Colombia)
- Pocky Day and Pretz Day (Japan)
- Pepero Day (South Korea)
- Republic Day (Maldives)
- Singles Day (China)
