EVENTS:
- 1852 – The United Kingdom recognizes the independence of the Boer colonies of the Transvaal.
- 1913 – Raymond Poincaré is elected President of France.
- 1983 – The tallest department store in the world, Hudson’s flagship store in downtown Detroit, closes due to high cost of operating.
- 1994 – The 6.5–6.7 Mw Northridge earthquake shakes the Greater Los Angeles Area with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), leaving 57 people dead and more than 8,700 injured.
- 1995 – The 6.9 Mw Great Hanshin earthquake shakes the southern Hyōgo Prefecture with a maximum Shindo of VII, leaving 5,502–6,434 people dead, and 251,301–310,000 displaced.
- 2008 – British Airways Flight 38 crash lands just short of London Heathrow Airport in England with no fatalities. It is the first complete hull loss of a Boeing 777.
- 2010 – Rioting begins between Muslim and Christian groups in Jos, Nigeria, results in at least 200 deaths.
- 2013 – Former cyclist Lance Armstrong confesses to his doping in an airing of Oprah’s Next Chapter.
- 2013 – Shahzad Luqman is murdered by members of Golden Dawn in Petralona, Athens, leading the creation of new measures to combat race-based attacks in Greece.
- 2016 – President Barack Obama announces the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action.
- 2017 – The search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 is announced to be suspended.
- 2023 – An avalanche strikes Nyingchi, Tibet, killing 28 people.
BIRTHS:
- 1828 – Lewis A. Grant, American lawyer and general, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1918)
- 1888 – Babu Gulabrai, Indian philosopher and author (d. 1963)
- 1911 – George Stigler, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
- 1917 – M. G. Ramachandran, Indian actor, director, and politician, 5th Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu (d. 1987)
- 1923 – Rangeya Raghav, Indian author and playwright (d. 1962)
- 1925 – Abdul Hafeez Kardar, Pakistani cricketer and author (d. 1996)
- 1930 – Eddie LeBaron, American football player, manager, and sportscaster (d. 2015)
- 1945 – Javed Akhtar, Indian poet, playwright, and composer
- 1974 – Derrick Mason, American football player
- 1982 – Dwyane Wade, American basketball player
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
