EVENTS:
- 1830 – The General Assembly’s Institution, now the Scottish Church College, one of the pioneering institutions that ushered the Bengal Renaissance, is founded by Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy, in Calcutta, India.
- 1878 – Treaty of Berlin: the European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania become completely independent of the Ottoman Empire.
- 1919 – The British airship R34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.
- 1962 – In an unprecedented action, British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan dismisses seven members of his Cabinet, marking the effective end of the National Liberals as a distinct force within British politics.
- 1977 – Somalia declares war on Ethiopia, starting the Ethiopian-Somali War.
- 1985 – Vice President George Bush becomes the Acting President for the day when President Ronald Reagan undergoes surgery to remove polyps from his colon.
- 1990 – An earthquake with its epicenter in Afghanistan results in the greatest number of fatalities in a mountaineering accident in High Asian mountains when an avalanche kills 43 climbers in Camp I on Pik Lenina (Lenin Peak).
- 2011 – Mumbai is rocked by three bomb blasts during the evening rush hour, killing 26 and injuring 130.
- 2013 – Typhoon Soulik kills at least nine people and affects more than 160 million in East China and Taiwan.
- 2014 – World Cup Final takes place at the Maracanã in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- 2016 – Prime Minister of the United Kingdom David Cameron resigns, and is succeeded by Theresa May.
- 2024 – Former President of the United States Donald Trump is injured in an assassination attempt while speaking at an election campaign rally near Butler, Pennsylvania.
BIRTHS:
- 1920 – Bill Towers, English footballer (d. 2000)
- 1934 – Gordon Lee, English footballer and manager
- 1934 – Wole Soyinka, Nigerian author, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1935 – Jack Kemp, American football player and politician (d. 2009)
- 1950 – George Nelson, American astronomer and astronaut
- 1980 – Master Saleem, Indian singer
- 1982 – Dominic Isaacs, South African footballer
- 1984 – Urvashi Sharma, Indian actress and model
- 1993 – Daniel Bentley, English footballer
- 2007 – Lamine Yamal, Spanish footballer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
