EVENTS:
- 1851 – Annibale de Gasparis discovers asteroid 15 Eunomia.
- 1913 – the Norwegian football club Vålerenga Fotball was founded.
- 1921 – Adolf Hitler becomes leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party.
- 1948 – Olympic Games: The Games of the XIV Olympiad – after a hiatus of 12 years caused by World War II, the first Summer Olympics to be held since the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, open in London.
- 1957 – The International Atomic Energy Agency is established.
- 1980 – Iran adopts a new “holy” flag after the Islamic Revolution.
- 1987 – Prime Minister of India Rajiv Gandhi and President of Sri Lanka J. R. Jayewardene sign the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord on ethnic issues.
- 2005 – Astronomers announce their discovery of the dwarf planet Eris.
- 2010 – An overloaded passenger ferry capsizes on the Kasai River in Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, resulting in at least 80 deaths.
- 2013 – Two passenger trains collide in the Swiss municipality of Granges-près-Marnand near Lausanne injuring 25 people.
- 2015 – Microsoft releases Windows 10.
- 2019 – The 2019 Altamira prison riot between rival Brazilian drug gangs leaves 62 dead.
- 2021 – The International Space Station temporarily spins out of control, moving the ISS 45 degrees out of attitude, following an engine malfunction of Russian module Nauka.
- 2024 – 3 children are stabbed to death and 10 other people injured at a dance studio in Southport, England.[13] This incident, coupled with widespread online misinformation, leads to various racially-motivated riots across the UK.
BIRTHS:
- 1888 – Vladimir K. Zworykin, Russian-American engineer, invented the Iconoscope (d. 1982)
- 1898 – Isidor Isaac Rabi, American physicist, Nobel Prize Laureate (d. 1988)
- 1900 – Eyvind Johnson, Swedish author, Nobel Prize Laureate (d. 1976)
- 1904 – J. R. D. Tata, France-Indian pilot and businessman, founded Tata Motors and Tata Global Beverages (d. 1993)
- 1905 – Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish economist and diplomat, 2nd Secretary-General of the United Nations, Nobel Prize Laureate (d. 1961)
- 1925 – Shivram Dattatreya Phadnis, Indian illustrator
- 1937 – Daniel McFadden, American economist, Nobel Prize Laureate
- 1959 – Sanjay Dutt, Indian actor, singer, and producer
- 1970 – John Rennie, Zimbabwean cricketer
- 1975 – Lanka de Silva, Sri Lankan cricketer
- 1982 – Jônatas Domingos, Brazilian footballer
