EVENTS:
- 1658 – Aurangzeb is proclaimed Moghul emperor of India.
- 1790 – The first U.S. patent is issued, to inventor Samuel Hopkins for a potash process.
- 1956 – Jim Laker becomes the first man to take all 10 wickets in a Test match innings as he returns figures of 10/53 in the Australian 2nd innings. This combined with his 9/37 in the first innings gave him match figures of 19/90 in the 4th Test at Old Trafford.
- 1971 – Apollo program: Apollo 15 astronauts become the first to ride in a lunar rover.
- 1999 – Discovery Program: Lunar Prospector – NASA intentionally crashes the spacecraft into the Moon, thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the moon’s surface.
- 2012 – Michael Phelps breaks the record set in 1964 by Larisa Latynina for the greatest number of medals won at the Olympics.
- 2014 – Gas explosions in the southern Taiwanese city of Kaohsiung kill at least 20 people and injure more than 270.
BIRTHS:
- 1880 – Premchand, Indian author (d. 1936)
- 1912 – Bill Brown, Australian cricketer (d. 2008)
- 1912 – Milton Friedman, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)
- 1918 – Paul D. Boyer, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1941 – Amarsinh Chaudhary, Indian politician, 8th Chief Minister of Gujarat (d. 2004)
- 1944 – Robert C. Merton, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1953 – Jimmy Cook, South African cricketer and coach
- 1954 – Manivannan, Indian actor and director (d. 2013)
- 1962 – Kevin Greene, American football player and coach
- 1975 – Andrew Hall, South African cricketer
- 1981 – Titus Bramble, English footballer
- 1982 – Blessing Mahwire, Zimbabwean cricketer
HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES:
- End of the Trinity term (sitting of the High Court of Justice of England)
- Ka Hae Hawaiʻi Day, a Flag Day. (Hawaii)
