EVENTS:
- 1848 – Switzerland becomes a Federal state.
- 1885 – Arbroath 36–0 Bon Accord, a world record scoreline in professional Association football.
- 1890 – Salisbury, Rhodesia, is founded.
- 1919 – Adolf Hitler joins the German Workers’ Party (later the Nazi Party).
- 1930 – In cricket Wilfred Rhodes ends his 1110-game first-class career by taking 5 for 95 for H.D.G. Leveson Gower’s XI against the Australians.
- 1933 – Leó Szilárd, waiting for a red light on Southampton Row in Bloomsbury, conceives the idea of the nuclear chain reaction.
- 1948 – Invasion of the State of Hyderabad by the Indian Army on the day after the Pakistani leader Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s death.
- 1958 – Jack Kilby demonstrates the first integrated circuit.
- 1959 – The Soviet Union launches a large rocket, Lunik II, at the moon.
- 1979 – Indonesia is hit with an earthquake that measures 8.1 on the Richter scale.
- 2011 – The 9/11 Memorial Museum in New York City opens to the public.
- 2015 – A series of explosions involving propane triggering nearby illegally stored mining detonators in the Indian town of Petlawad in the state of Madhya Pradesh kills at least 105 people with over 150 injured.
- 2021 – Siberian Light Aviation Flight 51 crashes short of the runway at Kazachinskoye Airport, killing four.
BIRTHS:
- 1812 – Richard March Hoe, American engineer and businessman, invented the Rotary printing press (d. 1886)
- 1818 – Richard Jordan Gatling, American inventor, invented the Gatling gun (d. 1903)
- 1897 – Irène Joliot-Curie, French chemist and physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1956)
- 1948 – Max Walker, Australian cricketer, sportscaster, and architect
- 1955 – Brian Smith, English footballer (d. 2013)
- 1964 – Dieter Hecking, German footballer and manager
- 1968 – Richard Snell, South African cricketer
- 1972 – Sidney Souza, Brazilian footballer
- 1973 – Ki-Jana Carter, American football player
- 1977 – Nathan Bracken, Australian cricketer
- 1977 – David Thompson, English footballer
- 1980 – Fernando César de Souza, Brazilian footballer
- 1983 – Tom Geißler, German footballer
- 1986 – Akwasi Fobi-Edusei, English footballer
- 2001 – Ziaire Williams, American basketball player
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
- Day of Conception (Russia)
- Defenders Day (Maryland)
- National Day (Cape Verde)
- National Day of Encouragement (United States)
- United Nations Day for South-South Cooperation (International)
