EVENTS:
- 1872 – The first Shriners Temple (called Mecca) is established in New York City.
- 1908 – the Norwegian football club SK Brann was founded.
- 1910 – Indian journalist Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai is arrested after publishing criticism of the government of Travancore and exiled.
- 1914 – The United States Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is established by the Federal Trade Commission Act.
- 1934 – Steamship RMS Queen Mary is launched.
- 1950 – Indonesia is admitted to the United Nations.
- 1959 – Typhoon Vera, the strongest typhoon to hit Japan in recorded history, makes landfall, killing 4,580 people and leaving nearly 1.6 million others homeless.
- 1981 – Baseball: Nolan Ryan sets a Major League record by throwing his fifth no-hitter.
- 1997 – An earthquake strikes the Italian regions of Umbria and the Marche, causing part of the Basilica of St. Francis at Assisi to collapse.
- 2009 – Typhoon Ketsana hit the Philippines, China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, causing 700 fatalities.
- 2014 – A mass kidnapping occurs in Iguala, Mexico.
- 2022 – A mass shooting occurs at a school in Izhevsk, Udmurtia, Russia, resulting in the deaths of 18 people, including 11 children.
- 2024 – Hurricane Helene makes landfall in Perry, Florida as a category four hurricane, killing over 250 people and becoming the deadliest hurricane in the mainland United States since Katrina.
BIRTHS:
- 1820 – Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Indian philosopher, painter, and academic (d. 1891)
- 1849 – Ivan Pavlov, Russian physiologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1936)
- 1876 – Ghulam Bhik Nairang, Indian poet, lawyer, and politician (d. 1952)
- 1886 – Archibald Hill, English physiologist, academic, and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1977)
- 1888 – T. S. Eliot, American-English publisher, playwright, and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1965)
- 1890 – Jack Tresadern, English footballer and manager (d. 1959)
- 1923 – Hugh Griffiths, Baron Griffiths, English cricketer, lawyer, and judge
- 1923 – Dev Anand, Indian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2011)
- 1928 – Wilford White, American football player (d. 2013)
- 1966 – Craig Heyward, American football player (d. 2006)
- 1991 – Dan Preston, English footballer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
