EVENTS:
- 1857 – The Atlantic is founded in Boston, Massachusetts.
- 1861 – The first documented football match in Canada is played at University College, Toronto.
- 1872 – The Great Boston Fire of 1872.
- 1880 – A large earthquake strikes Zagreb and causes many casualties. One of them is the Zagreb Cathedral.
- 1913 – The Great Lakes Storm of 1913, the most destructive natural disaster ever to hit the lakes, destroys 19 ships and kills more than 250 people.
- 1935 – The Congress of Industrial Organizations is founded in Atlantic City, New Jersey, by eight trade unions belonging to the American Federation of Labor.
- 1953 – Cambodia gains independence from France.
- 1965 – Several U.S. states and parts of Canada are hit by a series of blackouts lasting up to 13 hours in the Northeast blackout of 1965.
- 1967 – Apollo program: NASA launches the unmanned Apollo 4 test spacecraft atop the first Saturn V rocket from Cape Kennedy, Florida.
- 1994 – The chemical element darmstadtium is discovered.
- 2012 – A train carrying liquid fuel crashes and bursts into flames in northern Myanmar, killing 27 people and injuring 80 others.
- 2012 – At least 27 people are killed and dozens are wounded in conflicts between inmates and guards at Welikada prison in Colombo.
- 2014 – A non-binding self-determination consultation is held in Catalonia, asking Catalan citizens their opinion on whether Catalonia should become a state and, if so, whether it should be an independent state.
- 2020 – Second Nagorno-Karabakh War: An armistice agreement is signed by Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia.
- 2023 – U.S. surgeons at NYU Langone Health announce the world’s first whole eye transplant.
BIRTHS:
- 1897 – Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1978)
- 1929 – Imre Kertész, Hungarian-German author, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1941 – David Constant, English cricketer and umpire
- 1944 – Chitresh Das, Indian dancer and choreographer (d. 2015)
- 1948 – Luiz Felipe Scolari, Brazilian footballer and manager
- 1954 – Shankar Nag, Indian actor and director
- 1967 – Ricky Otto, English footballer
- 1979 – Martin Taylor, English footballer
- 1983 – Michael Turner, English footballer
- 1997 – Matthew Fisher, English cricketer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
