EVENTS:
- 1659 – Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj, Maratha King kills Afzal Khan, Adilshahi in the battle popularly known as Battle of Pratapgarh. This is also recognised as the first defence of Swarajya
- 1940 – The 1940 Vrancea earthquake strikes Romania killing an estimated 1,000 and injuring approximately 4,000 more.
- 1970 – The Soviet lunar probe Lunokhod 1 is launched.
- 1983 – Bill Gates introduces Windows 1.0.
- 2006 – The National Museum of the Marine Corps in Quantico, Virginia is opened and dedicated by U.S. President George W. Bush, who announces that Marine Corporal Jason Dunham will receive the Medal of Honor.
- 2008 – Over five months after landing on Mars, NASA declares the Phoenix mission concluded after communications with the lander were lost.
- 2009 – Ships of the South and North Korean navies skirmish off Daecheong Island in the Yellow Sea.
- 2019 – President of Bolivia Evo Morales and several of his government resign after 19 days of civil protests and a recommendation from the military.
- 2020 – Armenia and Azerbaijan sign a ceasefire agreement, ending the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, and prompting protests in Armenia.
BIRTHS:
- 1848 – Surendranath Banerjee, Indian academic and politician (d. 1925)
- 1899 – Swami Satyabhakta, Indian guru, philosopher, and scholar (d. 1998)
- 1918 – Ernst Otto Fischer, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2007)
- 1942 – Robert F. Engle, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1952 – Gerry DiNardo, American football player and coach
- 1953 – Les Miles, American football player and coach
- 1972 – Isaac Bruce, American football player
- 1981 – Jason Dunham, American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 2004)
- 1982 – Clayton Fortune, English footballer
- 1990 – Andre Blackman, English footballer
- 1992 – Dimitri Petratos, Australian footballer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
- Cry of Independence Day (Panama)
- Day of Remembrance of Ataturk (Turkey)
- Day of Russian Militsiya (Russia)
- Heroes Day (Indonesia) or Hari Pahlawan
- United States Marine Corps birthday ball (United States)
