EVENTS:
- 1845 – The Knickerbockers Baseball Club, the first baseball team to play under the modern rules, is founded in New York.
- 1908 – University of Alberta in Alberta, Canada, is founded.
- 1911 – Pilot Earle Ovington makes the first official airmail delivery in America under the authority of the United States Post Office Department.
- 1913 – Roland Garros of France becomes the first to fly in an airplane across the Mediterranean (from St. Raphael France to Bizerte, Tunisia).
- 1932 – The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd is renamed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- 1983 – Saint Kitts and Nevis joins the United Nations.
- 1983 – Gerrie Coetzee of South Africa becomes the first African boxing world heavyweight champion.
- 2002 – The first public version of the web browser Mozilla Firefox (“Phoenix 0.1”) is released.
- 2004 – Hurricane Jeanne: At least 1,070 in Haiti are reported to have been killed by floods.
- 2008 – Kauhajoki school shooting: Matti Saari kills ten people before committing suicide.
- 2019 – Twenty people die on the first of two days of rioting in Papua and West Papua over an alleged racist incident.
- 2020 – A grand jury in Kentucky declines to indict three police officers for the shooting death of Breonna Taylor in a drug raid gone wrong, leading to nationwide protests in the U.S.
- 2022 – Voting begins in the five-day sham annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine, leading to Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts.
BIRTHS:
- 1880 – John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr, Scottish biologist, physician, and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
- 1901 – Jaroslav Seifert, Czech poet and journalist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
- 1908 – Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, Indian poet, academic, and politician (d. 1974)
- 1915 – Clifford Shull, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)
- 1932 – Georg Keßler, German footballer and manager
- 1939 – Henry Blofeld, English cricketer and journalist
- 1943 – Tanuja, Indian actress
- 1957 – Kumar Sanu, Indian singer-songwriter
- 1967 – Chris Wilder, English footballer and manager
- 1969 – Jan Suchopárek, Czech footballer and manager
- 1971 – Moin Khan, Pakistani cricketer and coach
- 1979 – Bryant McKinnie, American football player
- 1985 – Chris Johnson, American football player
- 1988 – Anthony Straker, English footballer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
