EVENTS:
- 1789 – The United States Congress passes the Judiciary Act which creates the office of the United States Attorney General and the federal judiciary system, and orders the composition of the Supreme Court of the United States.
- 1852 – The first airship powered by (a steam) engine, created by Henri Giffard, travels 17 miles (27 km) from Paris to Trappes.
- 1873 – Establishment of “Satyashodhak Samaj“, (Truth-seeker Movement) at Pune, Maharashtra, India by Mahatma Jyotirao Phule.
- 1906 – U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt proclaims Devils Tower in Wyoming as the nation’s first National Monument.
- 1946 – Cathay Pacific Airways is founded in Hong Kong.
- 1948 – The Honda Motor Company is founded.
- 1960 – USS Enterprise, the world’s first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, is launched.
- 1973 – Guinea-Bissau declares its independence from Portugal.
- 1979 – CompuServe launches the first consumer internet service, which features the first public electronic mail service.
- 2013 – A 7.7-magnitude earthquake strikes southern Pakistan, killing more than 327 people.
- 2014 – The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), a Mars orbiter launched into Earth orbit by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), successfully inserted into orbit of Mars.
- 2015 – At least 1,100 people are killed and another 934 wounded after a stampede during the Hajj in Saudi Arabia.
- 2023 – NASA‘s OSIRIS-REx capsule containing samples from the asteroid 101955 Bennu successfully lands back on Earth.
BIRTHS:
- 1861 – Bhikaiji Cama, Indian activist (d. 1936)
- 1895 – André Frédéric Cournand, French physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988)
- 1898 – Howard Florey, Australian pharmacologist and pathologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1968)
- 1905 – Severo Ochoa, Spanish–American physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
- 1934 – Tommy Anderson, Scottish footballer and manager
- 1936 – Sivanthi Adithan, Indian businessman (d. 2013)
- 1941 – John Mackey, American football player (d. 2011)
- 1950 – Mohinder Amarnath, Indian cricketer, coach, and sportscaster
- 1973 – Eddie George, American football player and sportscaster
- 1987 – Matthew Connolly, English footballer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
