EVENTS:
- 1138 – A massive earthquake strikes Aleppo, Syria.
- 1852 – The University of Sydney, Australia’s oldest university, is inaugurated in Sydney.
- 1890 – In Washington, D.C., the Daughters of the American Revolution is founded.
- 1918 – San Fermín earthquake hits western Puerto Rico.
- 1957 – Space Race: M.I.T. scientists calculate Sputnik 1’s booster rocket’s orbit.
- 1958 – Pioneer program: NASA launches the lunar probe Pioneer 1 (the probe falls back to Earth and burns up).
- 1968 – Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 7, the first successful manned Apollo mission, with astronauts Wally Schirra, Donn F. Eisele and Walter Cunningham aboard.
- 1984 – Aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger, astronaut Kathryn D. Sullivan becomes the first American woman to perform a space walk.
- 2013 – A migrant boat sinks in the Channel of Sicily with at least 34 people dead.
- 2018 – Soyuz MS-10, launching an intended crew for the ISS, suffers an in-flight abort. The crew lands safely.
BIRTHS:
- 1884 – Friedrich Bergius, German-Argentinian chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1949)
- 1885 – François Mauriac, French author, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)
- 1902 – Jayaprakash Narayan, Indian activist and politician (d. 1979)
- 1916 – Nanaji Deshmukh, Indian educator and activist (d. 2010)
- 1930 – LaVell Edwards, American football player and coach
- 1930 – K. P. Ummer, Indian actor (d. 2001)
- 1937 – Bobby Charlton, English footballer and manager
- 1942 – Amitabh Bachchan, Indian actor, singer, and producer
- 1944 – Rodney Marsh, English footballer, manager, and sportscaster
- 1965 – Ronit Roy, Indian actor
- 1968 – Brett Salisbury, American football player and author
- 1977 – Jérémie Janot, French footballer
- 1982 – Cameron Knowles, New Zealand footballer
- 1987 – Nathan Coulter-Nile, Australian cricketer
- 2001 – Maja Chwalińska, Polish tennis player
- 2001 – Daniel Maldini, Italian footballer
- 2001 – Jacob Preston, Australian rugby league player
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
