EVENTS:
- 1770 – Captain James Cook, still holding the rank of lieutenant, sights the eastern coast of what is now Australia.
- 1892 – Charles Duryea claims to have driven the first automobile in the United States, in Springfield, Massachusetts.
- 1928 – The 125th and final fascicle of the Oxford English Dictionary is published.
- 1954 – The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan recognises Urdu and Bengali as the national languages of Pakistan.
- 1971 – Launch of Salyut 1, the first space station.
- 1975 – India’s first satellite, Aryabhata, is launched.
- 1984 – Advance Australia Fair is proclaimed as Australia’s national anthem, and green and gold as the national colours.
- 1985 – U.S.S.R performs nuclear tests at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalatinsk.
- 1987 – The Simpsons premieres as a short cartoon on The Tracey Ullman Show.
- 2013 – Boston Marathon bombings suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev is killed in a shootout with police. His brother Dzhokhar Tsarnaev is captured while hiding in a boat inside a backyard in Watertown, Massachusetts.
- 2020 – A killing spree in Nova Scotia, Canada, leaves 22 people and the perpetrator dead, making it the deadliest rampage in the country’s history.
- 2021 – The Ingenuity helicopter becomes the first aircraft to achieve flight on another planet.
BIRTHS:
- 1832 – José Echegaray, Spanish poet and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1916)
- 1877 – Ole Evinrude, Norwegian-American engineer, invented the outboard motor (d. 1934)
- 1897 – Peter de Noronha, Indian businessman and philanthropist (d. 1970)
- 1933 – Dickie Bird, English cricketer and umpire
- 1944 – James Heckman, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1957 – Mukesh Ambani, Indian businessman
- 1968 – Arshad Warsi, Indian actor, singer, and producer
- 1984 – Christopher Pearce, English cricketer
- 1991 – Steve Cook, English footballer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
