EVENTS:
- 1906 – An estimated 8.2 MW earthquake hits Valparaíso, Chile, killing 3,886 people.
- 1913 – Tōhoku Imperial University of Japan (modern day Tohoku University) becomes the first university in Japan to admit female students.
- 1920 – Ray Chapman of the Cleveland Indians is hit on the head by a fastball thrown by Carl Mays of the New York Yankees, and dies early the next day. Chapman was the second player to die from injuries sustained in a Major League Baseball game, the first being Doc Powers in 1909.
- 1944 – First flight of the Junkers Ju 287.
- 1946 – Mass riots in Kolkata begin, in which more than 4,000 would be killed in 72 hours.
- 1960 – Cyprus gains its independence from the United Kingdom.
- 1989 – A solar flare from the Sun creates a geomagnetic storm that affects micro chips, leading to a halt of all trading on Toronto’s stock market.
- 2015 – At least 22 people are dead following a suicide bombing in Punjab, Pakistan.
- 2015 – More than 96 people are killed and hundreds injured following a series of air-raids by the Syrian Arab Air Force on the rebel-held market town of Douma.
- 2017 – Minamata Convention on Mercury entered into force.
- 2020 – The August Complex fire in California burns more than one million acres of land.
BIRTHS:
- 1845 – Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourger-French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1921)
- 1860 – Martin Hawke, 7th Baron Hawke, English-Scottish cricketer (d. 1938)
- 1904 – Wendell Meredith Stanley, American biochemist and virologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
- 1913 – Menachem Begin, Israeli politician, 6th Prime Minister of Israel, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1992)
- 1943 – Woody Peoples, American football player (d. 2010)
- 1950 – Jeff Thomson, Australian cricketer
- 1952 – Mahes Goonatilleke, Sri Lankan cricketer
- 1957 – Randhir Singh, Indian cricketer
- 1968 – Arvind Kejriwal, Indian civil servant and politician, 7th Chief Minister of Delhi
- 1970 – Saif Ali Khan, Indian actor, singer, and producer
- 1975 – Didier Agathe, French footballer
- 1982 – Joleon Lescott, English footballer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
- Children’s Day (Paraguay)
- Restoration Day (Dominican Republic)
- National Airborne Day (United States)
