EVENTS:
- 1852 – The English astronomer John Russell Hind discovers the asteroid 22 Kalliope.
- 1857 – Second relief of Lucknow – twenty-four Victoria Crosses are awarded, the most in a single day.
- 1907 – Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory join to form Oklahoma, which is admitted as the 46th U.S. state.
- 1914 – The Federal Reserve Bank of the United States officially opens.
- 1945 – UNESCO is founded.
- 1965 – Venera program: The Soviet Union launches the Venera 3 space probe toward Venus, which will be the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet.
- 1973 – Skylab program: NASA launches Skylab 4 with a crew of three astronauts from Cape Canaveral, Florida for an 84-day mission.
- 1988 – In the first open election in more than a decade, voters in Pakistan elect populist candidate Benazir Bhutto to be Prime Minister of Pakistan.
- 2002 – The first cases of the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak are traced to Foshan, Guangdong Province, China.
- 2004 – Half-Life 2 is released, a game winning 39 Game of the Year awards and being cited as one of the best games ever made.
- 2005 – Following a 31-year wait, Australia defeats Uruguay in a penalty shootout to qualify for the 2006 FIFA World Cup.
- 2009 – Space Shuttle program: Space Shuttle Atlantis is launched on mission STS-129 to the International Space Station.
- 2022 – Artemis Program: NASA launches Artemis 1 on the first flight of the Space Launch System, the start of the program’s future missions to the moon.
BIRTHS:
- 1897 – Choudhry Rahmat Ali, Indian-Pakistani academic, created the name for Pakistan (d. 1951)
- 1909 – Mirza Nasir Ahmad, Indian-Pakistani religious leader (d. 1982)
- 1922 – José Saramago, Portuguese-Spanish author and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2010)
- 1948 – Horst Bertram, German footballer and manager
- 1955 – Héctor Cúper, Argentinian footballer, coach, and manager
- 1968 – Shobha Nagi Reddy, Indian politician (d. 2014)
- 1971 – Waqar Younis, Pakistani cricketer and coach
- 1974 – Paul Scholes, English footballer and sportscaster
- 1983 – Chris Gocong, American football player
- 1984 – Mark Bunn, English footballer
- 1993 – Denzel Valentine, American basketball player
- 1997 – Bruno Guimarães, Brazilian footballer
- 2000 – Josh Green, Australian basketball player
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
