EVENTS:
- 1925 – Adolf Hitler publishes his personal manifesto Mein Kampf.
- 1942 – World War II: the Germans test fly the Messerschmitt Me 262 using its jet engines for the first time.
- 1966 – Human spaceflight: Gemini 10 is launched from Cape Kennedy on a 70-hour mission that includes docking with an orbiting Agena target vehicle.
- 1968 – Intel is founded in Santa Clara, California.
- 1976 – Nadia Comăneci became the first person in Olympic Games history to score a perfect 10 in gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
- 1995 – On the Caribbean island of Montserrat, the Soufrière Hills volcano erupts. Over the course of several years, it devastates the island, destroying the capital and forcing most of the population to flee.
- 2012 – At least seven people are killed and 32 others are injured after a bomb explodes on an Israeli tour bus at Burgas Airport, Bulgaria.
- 2013 – The Government of Detroit, with up to $20 billion in debt, files for the largest municipal bankruptcy in U.S. history.
- 2014 – The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant requires Christians to either accept dhimmi status, emigrate from ISIL lands, or be killed.
- 2019 – A man sets fire to an anime studio in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Japan, killing 36 people and injuring dozens of others.
BIRTHS:
- 1853 – Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1928)
- 1892 – Arthur Friedenreich, Brazilian footballer (d. 1969)
- 1910 – Diptendu Pramanick, Indian businessman (d. 1989)
- 1925 – Hubert Doggart, English cricketer
- 1935 – Jayendra Saraswathi, Indian guru, 69th Shankaracharya
- 1937 – Roald Hoffmann, Polish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1939 – Jerry Moore, American football player and coach
- 1948 – Hartmut Michel, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1949 – Dennis Lillee, Australian cricketer
- 1979 – Deion Branch, American football player
- 1984 – Lee Barnard, English footballer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
