EVENTS:
- 1614 – The University of Groningen is established in the Dutch Republic.
- 1914 – World War I: Japan declares war on Germany and bombs Qingdao, China.
- 1938 – English cricketer Len Hutton sets a world record for the highest individual Test innings of 364, during a Test match against Australia.
- 1966 – Lunar Orbiter 1 takes the first photograph of Earth from orbit around the Moon.
- 1977 – The Gossamer Condor wins the Kremer prize for human powered flight.
- 1990 – Armenia declares its independence from the Soviet Union.
- 1993 – The Galileo spacecraft discovers a moon, later named Dactyl, around 243 Ida, the first known asteroid moon.
- 2011 – A magnitude 5.8 (class: moderate) earthquake occurs in Virginia. Damage occurs to monuments and structures in Washington D.C. and the resulted damage is estimated at $200 million–$300 million USD.
- 2013 – A riot at the Palmasola prison complex in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, kills 31 people.
- 2023 – Chandrayaan-3 mission initiated first Moon landing in Indian history.
- 2023 – A business jet carrying key leadership members of the Russian private military company Wagner Group crashes, killing all ten people on board.
BIRTHS:
- 1872 – Tanguturi Prakasam, Indian lawyer and politician (d. 1957)
- 1883 – Jonathan M. Wainwright, American general, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1953)
- 1909 – Syd Buller, English cricketer and umpire (d. 1970)
- 1921 – Kenneth Arrow, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1924 – Robert Solow, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1931 – Hamilton O. Smith, American microbiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1933 – Robert Curl, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1944 – Saira Banu, Indian actress
- 1967 – Richard Petrie, New Zealand cricketer
- 1972 – Mark Butcher, English cricketer and singer
- 1989 – Heiko Schwarz, German footballer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
- Flag Day (Ukraine)
- International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition (International)
- European Day of Remembrance for Victims of Stalinism and Nazism or Black Ribbon Day (European Union and other countries), and related observances:
- Liberation from Fascist Occupation Day (Romania)
