EVENTS:
- 1859 – Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species.
- 1877 – Anna Sewell’s classic animal welfare novel Black Beauty is published.
- 1935 – The Senegalese Socialist Party holds its second congress.
- 1966 – Bulgarian TABSO Flight 101 crashes near Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, killing all 82 people on board.
- 1969 – Apollo program: The Apollo 12 command module splashes down safely in the Pacific Ocean, ending the second manned mission to land on the Moon.
- 1976 – The Çaldıran-Muradiye earthquake in eastern Turkey kills between 4,000 and 5,000 people.
- 2012 – A fire at a clothing factory in Dhaka, Bangladesh, kills at least 112 people.
- 2013 – Iran signs an interim agreement with the P5+1 countries, limiting its nuclear program in exchange for reduced sanctions.
- 2015 – A Russian Air Force Sukhoi Su-24 fighter jet is shot down by the Turkish Air Force over the Syria–Turkey border, killing one of the two pilots; a Russian marine is also killed during a subsequent rescue effort.
- 2015 – A terrorist attack on a hotel in Al-Arish, Egypt, kills at least seven people and injures 12 others.
- 2015 – An explosion on a bus carrying Tunisian Presidential Guard personnel in Tunisia’s capital Tunis leaves at least 14 people dead.
- 2016 – The government of Colombia and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People’s Army sign a revised peace deal, bringing an end to the country’s more than 50-year-long civil war.
BIRTHS:
- 1874 – Charles William Miller, Brazilian footballer and referee (d. 1953)
- 1877 – Kavasji Jamshedji Petigara, Indian police officer (d. 1941)
- 1894 – Herbert Sutcliffe, English cricketer (d. 1978)
- 1925 – Simon van der Meer, Dutch-Swiss physicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)
- 1926 – Tsung-Dao Lee, Chinese-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1932 – Fred Titmus, English cricketer and coach (d. 2011)
- 1955 – Ian Botham, English cricketer, footballer, and sportscaster
- 1961 – Arundhati Roy, Indian author and activist
- 1970 – Doug Brien, American football player
- 1970 – Ashley Ward, English footballer
- 1982 – Ryan Fitzpatrick, American football player
- 1983 – Dean Ashton, English footballer
- 1985 – Tony Hunt, American football player
- 1993 – Joe Pigott, English footballer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
