EVENTS:
- 1852 – The New Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia, one of the largest and oldest museums in the world, opens to the public.
- 1909 – Belgian chemist Leo Baekeland announces the creation of Bakelite, the world’s first synthetic plastic.
- 1918 – Stephen W. Thompson shoots down a German airplane. It is the first aerial victory by the U.S. military.
- 1946 – The Chondoist Chongu Party is founded in North Korea.
- 1971 – Astronauts land on the moon in the Apollo 14 mission.
- 1994 – Markale massacres, more than 60 people are killed and some 200 wounded as a mortar shell explodes in a downtown marketplace in Sarajevo.
- 2008 – A major tornado outbreak across the Southern United States kills 57.
- 2016 – New Zealand politician Steven Joyce is hit by a flung rubber dildo in a Waitangi Day protest.
- 2019 – Pope Francis becomes the first Pope in history to visit and perform papal mass in the Arabian Peninsula during his visit to Abu Dhabi.
- 2020 – United States President Donald Trump is acquitted by the United States Senate in his first impeachment trial.
- 2021 – Police riot in Mexico City as they try to break up a demonstration by cyclists who were protesting after a bus ran over a bicyclist. Eleven police officers are arrested.
BIRTHS:
- 1784 – Nancy Lincoln, American mother of Abraham Lincoln (d. 1818)
- 1889 – Patsy Hendren, English cricketer and footballer (d. 1962)
- 1889 – Ernest Tyldesley, English cricketer (d. 1962)
- 1914 – Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, English physiologist, biophysicist, and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
- 1915 – Robert Hofstadter, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1990)
- 1924 – Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy, Indian cardinal (d. 2014)
- 1936 – K. S. Nissar Ahmed, Indian poet and academic
- 1939 – Brian Luckhurst, English cricketer (d. 2005)
- 1942 – Roger Staubach, American football player and sportscaster
- 1959 – Sudip Chatterjee, Indian footballer and manager (d. 2006)
- 1966 – Dean Nalder, Australian footballer and politician
- 1970 – Darren Lehmann, Australian cricketer and coach
- 1986 – Billy Sharp, English footballer
- 1997 – Patrick Roberts, English footballer
- 1997 – Patrick Roberts, English footballer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
- Constitution Day (Mexico)
- Crown Princess Mary’s birthday (Denmark)
- Kashmir Solidarity Day (Pakistan)
- Liberation Day (San Marino)
- National Weatherperson’s Day (United States)
- Unity Day (Burundi)
