EVENTS:
- 1687 – Isaac Newton publishes Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica.
- 1811 – Venezuela declares independence from Spain.
- 1935 – The National Labor Relations Act, which governs labor relations in the United States, is signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
- 1954 – The BBC broadcasts its first television news bulletin.
- 1954 – The Andhra Pradesh High Court was established.
- 1962 – Algeria becomes independent from France.
- 1971 – Right to vote: the Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution, lowering the voting age from 21 to 18 years, is formally certified by President Richard Nixon.
- 1977 – Military coup in Pakistan: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the first elected Prime Minister of Pakistan, is overthrown.
- 2012 – The Shard in London is inaugurated as the tallest building in Europe, with a height of 310 metres (1,020 ft).
- 2018 – The EU Copyright Directive currently has been pushed back to 10 September 2018, due to the majority of votes in the EU Parliament favoring holding back the vote.
- 2018 – Lithuania becomes the 36th member of the OECD.
- 2022 – British government ministers Sajid Javid and Rishi Sunak resign from the second Johnson ministry, beginning the July 2022 United Kingdom government crisis.[12]
- 2024 – Keir Starmer is appointed Prime Minister by Charles III, becoming the first Labour prime minister since Gordon Brown in 2010 and the first one to win a general election since Tony Blair at the 2005 general election.
BIRTHS:
- 1882 – Inayat Khan, Indian educator (d. 1927)
- 1888 – Herbert Spencer Gasser, American physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1963)
- 1891 – John Howard Northrop, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987)
- 1918 – K. Karunakaran, Indian politician, 7th Chief Minister of Kerala (d. 2010)
- 1936 – James Mirrlees, Scottish economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1946 – Gerard ‘t Hooft, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1947 – George Kunz, American football player
- 1954 – John Wright, New Zealand cricketer and coach
- 1967 – Vinod Raj, Indian actor, singer, and dancer
- 1995 – Baily Cargill, English footballer
- 1996 – Aamir Jamal, Pakistani cricketer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
