EVENTS:
- 1803 – British scientist John Dalton begins using symbols to represent the atoms of different elements.
- 1885 – Eastern Rumelia declares its union with Bulgaria. Bulgarian unification is henceforth accomplished.
- 1888 – Charles Turner becomes the first bowler to take 250 wickets in an English season. This feat has since been accomplished by Tom Richardson (twice), J. T. Hearne, Wilfred Rhodes (twice) and Tich Freeman (six times).
- 1943 – The Monterrey Institute of Technology, one of the largest and most influential private universities in Latin America, is founded in Monterrey, Mexico.
- 1963 – The Centre for International Industrial Property Studies (CEIPI) is founded.
- 1968 – Swaziland becomes independent.
- 1991 – The Soviet Union recognizes the independence of the Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
- 2012 – Sixty-one people die and 48 others are injured after a fishing boat capsizes off the İzmir Province coast of Turkey, near the Greek Aegean islands.
- 2022 – Boris Johnson resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and is replaced by Liz Truss. Their meetings with Queen Elizabeth II at Balmoral Castle were the Queen’s final official duties before her death two days later.[13]
- 2022 – Russo-Ukrainian War: Ukraine begins its Kharkiv counteroffensive, surprising Russian forces and retaking over 3,000 square kilometers of land, recapturing the entire Kharkiv Oblast west of the Oskil River, within the next week.
BIRTHS:
- 1860 – Jane Addams, American sociologist and author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1935)
- 1876 – John James Rickard Macleod, Scottish physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1935)
- 1892 – Edward Victor Appleton, English-Scottish physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1965)
- 1906 – Luis Federico Leloir, French-Argentinian physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987)
- 1917 – George Mann, English cricketer (d. 2001)
- 1929 – Yash Johar, Indian film producer, founded Dharma Productions (d. 2005)
- 1939 – Susumu Tonegawa, Japanese biologist and immunologist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1942 – Richard Hutton, English cricketer
- 1943 – Richard J. Roberts, English biochemist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1965 – Van Tiffin, American football player
- 1968 – Saeed Anwar, Pakistani cricketer
- 1971 – Devang Gandhi, Indian cricketer
- 1993 – Mattia Valoti, Italian footballer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
