EVENTS:
- 1868 – Cornell University holds opening day ceremonies; initial student enrollment is 412, the highest at any American university to that date.
- 1949 – The communist German Democratic Republic (East Germany) is formed.
- 1958 – The U.S. manned space-flight project is renamed Project Mercury.
- 1959 – U.S.S.R. probe Luna 3 transmits the first ever photographs of the far side of the Moon.
- 1960 – Nigeria joins the United Nations.
- 1971 – Oman joins the United Nations.
- 1977 – The adoption of the Fourth Soviet Constitution.
- 1985 – The Achille Lauro is hijacked by Palestine Liberation Front.
- 1987 – Sikh nationalists declares the independence of Khalistan from India; it is not internationally recognized.
- 2008 – asteroid 2008 TC3 impacts the Earth over Sudan.
- 2016 – In the wake of Hurricane Matthew, the death toll rises to 800.
- 2022 – 10 people die and 8 are injured in an explosion at petrol station in Creeslough.
- 2022 – Ales Bialiatski, along with two organisations, Memorial & Center for Civil Liberties, are awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
BIRTHS:
- 1885 – Niels Bohr, Danish physicist and philosopher, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1962)
- 1885 – Claud Ashton Jones, American admiral, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1948)
- 1914 – Begum Akhtar, Indian singer (d. 1974)
- 1920 – Jack Rowley, English footballer and manager (d. 1998)
- 1931 – Tommy Lewis, American football player and coach (d. 2014)
- 1931 – Desmond Tutu, South African archbishop and activist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1939 – Harry Kroto, English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1947 – Chris Bambridge, Australian footballer and referee
- 1952 – Graham Yallop, Australian cricketer
- 1961 – Tony Sparano, American football player and coach
- 1962 – William Johnson, German-English cricketer
- 1964 – Paul Stewart, English footballer
- 1978 – Zaheer Khan, Indian cricketer
- 1984 – Salman Butt, Pakistani cricketer
- 1987 – Jeremy Brockie, New Zealand footballer
- 1998 – Trent Alexander-Arnold, English footballer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
- The first day of Nagasaki Kunchi (Nagasaki)
- Italian Evacuation Day (Libya)
- Teacher’s Day (Laos)
