EVENTS:
- 1906 – A landslide in Haverstraw, New York, caused by the excavation of clay along the Hudson River, kills 20 people
- 1912 – The African National Congress is founded.
- 1962 – The Harmelen train disaster killed 93 people in the Netherlands.
- 1963 – Leonardo da Vinci‘s Mona Lisa is exhibited in the United States for the first time, at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.
- 1973 – Soviet space mission Luna 21 is launched.
- 1982 – Breakup of the Bell System: AT&T agrees to divest itself of twenty-two subdivisions.
- 1989 – Kegworth air disaster: British Midland Flight 92, a Boeing 737-400, crashes into the M1 motorway, killing 47 of the 126 people on board.
- 2003 – Turkish Airlines Flight 634 crashes near Diyarbakır Airport, Turkey, killing the entire crew and 70 of 75 passengers.
- 2009 – A 6.1-magnitude earthquake in northern Costa Rica kills 15 people and injures 32.
- 2010 – Gunmen from an offshoot the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda attacked the bus carrying the Togo national football team on its way to the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations, killing three.
- 2016 – Joaquín Guzmán, widely regarded as the world’s most powerful drug trafficker, is recaptured following his escape from a maximum security prison in Mexico.
- 2020 – Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 crashes immediately after takeoff at Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport; all 176 on board are killed. The plane was shot down by an Iranian anti-aircraft missile.
- 2021 – Twenty-three people, many members of a drug gang, are killed in what is described as a police ″massacre″ in La Vega, Caracas, Venezuela.
- 2023 – Supporters of former Brazil president Jair Bolsonaro storm the Brazilian Congress.
BIRTHS:
- 1735 – John Carroll, American archbishop, ex-Jesuit, founder of Georgetown University (d. 1815)
- 1843 – John H. Moffitt, American sergeant and politician, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1926)
- 1867 – Emily Greene Balch, American economist and author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1961)
- 1891 – Walther Bothe, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1957)
- 1909 – Ashapoorna Devi, Indian author and poet (d. 1995)
- 1909 – Bruce Mitchell, South African cricketer (d. 1995)
- 1923 – Johnny Wardle, English cricketer (d. 1985)
- 1925 – Mohan Rakesh, Indian author and playwright (d. 1972)
- 1926 – Kelucharan Mohapatra, Indian dancer and choreographer (d. 2004)
- 1929 – Saeed Jaffrey, Indian-English actor (d. 2015)
- 1972 – Paul Clement, English footballer, coach, and manager
- 1975 – Harris Jayaraj, Indian composer and producer
- 1990 – Jeff Allen, American football player
- 1992 – Koke, Spanish footballer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
