EVENTS:
- 1886 – Pharmacist John Pemberton first sells a carbonated beverage named “Coca-Cola” as a patent medicine.
- 1898 – The first games of the Italian football league system are played.
- 1933 – Mohandas Gandhi begins a 21-day fast of self-purification and launched a one-year campaign to help the Harijan movement.
- 1962 – The Rabindra Bharati University, a prominent University in India, was founded.
- 1973 – A 71-day standoff between federal authorities and the American Indian Movement members occupying the Pine Ridge Reservation at Wounded Knee, South Dakota ends with the surrender of the militants.
- 1976 – The rollercoaster Revolution, the first steel coaster with a vertical loop, opens at Six Flags Magic Mountain.
- 1978 – The first ascent of Mount Everest without supplemental oxygen, by Reinhold Messner and Peter Habeler.
- 1980 – The World Health Organization confirms the eradication of smallpox.
- 1999 – United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade.
- 2019 – A British teenager, Isabelle Holdaway, 17, is reported to be the first patient ever to receive a genetically modified phage therapy to treat a drug-resistant infection.
- 2021 – A car bomb explodes in front of a school in Kabul, capital city of Afghanistan killing at least 55 people and wounding over 150.
BIRTHS:
- 1825 – George Bruce Malleson, English-Indian colonel and author (d. 1898)
- 1828 – Henry Dunant, Swiss businessman and activist, co-founded the Red Cross, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1910)
- 1899 – Friedrich Hayek, Austrian-English economist and philosopher, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1992)
- 1902 – André Michel Lwoff, French microbiologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
- 1916 – Chinmayananda Saraswati, Indian spiritual leader and educator (d. 1993)
- 1929 – Girija Devi, Indian singer
- 1934 – Maurice Norman, English footballer
- 1938 – Javed Burki, Indian-Pakistani cricketer
- 1942 – Robin Hobbs, English cricketer
- 1947 – H. Robert Horvitz, American biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1958 – Lovie Smith, American football player and coach
- 1987 – Mark Noble, English footballer
- 1989 – Dinesh Patel, Indian baseball player
- 1993 – Pat Cummins, Australian cricketer
- 2003 – Moulay Hassan, Crown Prince of Morocco
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
