EVENTS:
- 1868 – A massive earthquake near Arica, Peru, causes an estimated 25,000 casualties, and the subsequent tsunami causes considerable damage as far away as Hawaii and New Zealand.
- 1898 – Carl Gustav Witt discovers 433 Eros, the first near-Earth asteroid to be found.
- 1913 – First production in the UK of stainless steel by Harry Brearley.
- 1937 – The Battle of Shanghai begins.
- 1954 – Radio Pakistan broadcasts the “Qaumī Tarāna“, the national anthem of Pakistan for the first time.
- 1960 – The Central African Republic declares independence from France.
- 1969 – The Apollo 11 astronauts are released from a three-week quarantine to enjoy a ticker tape parade in New York, New York. That evening, at a state dinner in Los Angeles, California, they are awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by U.S. President Richard Nixon.
- 2004 – Hurricane Charley, a Category 4 storm, strikes Punta Gorda, Florida, and devastates the surrounding area.
- 2015 – At least 76 people are killed and 212 others are wounded in a truck bombing in Baghdad, Iraq.
- 2020 – Israel–United Arab Emirates relations are formally established.
BIRTHS:
- 1841 – Johnny Mullagh, Australian cricketer (d. 1891)
- 1872 – Richard Willstätter, German chemist, Nobel Prize Laureate (d. 1942)
- 1884 – Harry Dean, English cricketer and coach (d. 1957)
- 1888 – John Logie Baird, Scottish engineer, invented the television (d. 1946)
- 1906 – Chuck Carroll, American football player and lawyer (d. 2003)
- 1912 – Salvador Luria, Italian-American microbiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
- 1918 – Frederick Sanger, English biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
- 1945 – Robin Jackman, Indian-English cricketer and sportscaster
- 1959 – Bruce French, English cricketer and coach
- 1961 – Mahesh Anand, Indian Actor, director and model
- 1975 – Shoaib Akhtar, Pakistani cricketer
- 1992 – Lucas Moura, Brazilian footballer
- 1996 – Antonia Lottner, German tennis player
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
