EVENTS:
- 1281 – Mongol invasion of Japan: The Mongolian fleet of Kublai Khan is destroyed by a “divine wind” for the second time in the Battle of Kōan.
- 1519 – Panama City, Panama, is founded.
- 1843 – Tivoli Gardens, one of the oldest still intact amusement parks in the world, opens in Copenhagen, Denmark.
- 1863 – The Anglo-Satsuma War begins between the Satsuma Domain of Japan and the United Kingdom (Traditional Japanese date: July 2, 1863).
- 1947 – India gains Independence from the British Indian Empire after near 190 years of Crown rule and joins the Commonwealth of Nations.
- 1947 – Founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah is sworn in as first Governor-General of Pakistan in Karachi.
- 1960 – Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) becomes independent from France.
- 1970 – Patricia Palinkas becomes the first woman to play professionally in an American football game.
- 1971 – Bahrain gains independence from the United Kingdom.
- 1975 – Bangladesh’s founder Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is killed along with most members of his family during a military coup.
- 2007 – An 8.0-magnitude earthquake off the Pacific coast devastates Ica and various regions of Peru killing 514 and injuring 1,090.
- 2015 – North Korea moves its clock back half an hour to introduce Pyongyang Time, 8½ hours ahead of UTC.
- 2020 – Russia begins production on the Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine.[15]
- 2021 – Kabul falls into the hands of the Taliban as Ashraf Ghani flees Afghanistan along with local residents and foreign nationals, effectively reestablishing the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
BIRTHS:
- 1798 – Sangolli Rayanna, Indian warrior (d. 1831)
- 1872 – Sri Aurobindo, Indian guru, poet, and philosopher (d. 1950)
- 1873 – Ramaprasad Chanda, Indian archaeologist and historian (d. 1942)
- 1886 – Bill Whitty, Australian cricketer (d. 1974)
- 1892 – Louis de Broglie, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987)
- 1896 – Gerty Cori, Czech-American biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1957)
- 1904 – George Klein, Canadian inventor, invented the Motorized wheelchair (d. 1992)
- 1912 – Amir Khan, Indian singer (d. 1974)
- 1927 – Eddie Leadbeater, English cricketer (d. 2011)
- 1934 – Reginald Scarlett, Jamaican cricketer and coach
- 1938 – Pran Kumar Sharma, Indian cartoonist (d. 2014)
- 1947 – Raakhee, Indian actress
- 1951 – Ranjan Gunatilleke, Sri Lankan cricketer
- 1973 – Amitabh Bhattacharjee, Indian actor
- 1975 – Vijay Bharadwaj, Indian cricketer and coach
- 1987 – Sean McAllister, English footballer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
