EVENTS:
- 1822 – Dom Pedro I declares Brazil independent from Portugal on the shores of the Ipiranga Brook in São Paulo.
- 1893 – The Genoa Cricket & Athletic Club, to become one of the oldest Italian football clubs, is established by British expats.
- 1895 – The first game of what would become known as rugby league football is played, in England, starting the 1895–96 Northern Rugby Football Union season.
- 1916 – US federal employees win the right to Workers’ compensation by Federal Employers Liability Act (39 Stat. 742; 5 U.S.C. 751)
- 1922 – The Bank of Latvia established.
- 1999 – A 5.9 magnitude earthquake rocks Athens, rupturing a previously unknown fault, killing 143, injuring more than 500, and leaving 50,000 people homeless.
- 2011 – A plane crash in Russia kills 43 people, including nearly the entire roster of the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl Kontinental Hockey League team.
- 2012 – A series of earthquakes in Yunnan, China, kills 89 people and injures 800 others.
- 2017 – The 8.2 Mw 2017 Chiapas earthquake strikes southern Mexico, killing at least 60 people.
- 2017 – Equifax announced a cyber-crime identity theft event potentially impacting approximately 1451⁄2 million U.S. consumers.
- 2019 – Ukrainian filmmaker Oleg Sentsov and 66 others are released in a prisoner exchange between Ukraine and Russia.
- 2021 – Bitcoin becomes legal tender in El Salvador.
- 2021 – The National Unity Government of Myanmar declares a people’s defensive war against the military junta during the Myanmar civil war.
BIRTHS:
- 1871 – George Hirst, English cricketer and coach (d. 1954)
- 1894 – Vic Richardson, Australian cricketer, footballer, and sportscaster (d. 1969)
- 1917 – John Cornforth, Australian-English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
- 1925 – Bhanumathi Ramakrishna, Indian actress, singer, director, and producer (d. 2005)
- 1934 – Sunil Gangopadhyay, Indian author and poet (d. 2012)
- 1942 – Alan Oakes, English footballer and manager
- 1951 – Mammootty, Indian actor and producer
- 1957 – Alok Sharma, Indian-English politician
- 1978 – Erwin Koen, Dutch footballer
- 1982 – George Bailey, Australian cricketer
- 1984 – Farveez Maharoof, Sri Lankan cricketer
- 1995 –Sahaj Grover, Indian chess player
- 1996 – Donovan Mitchell, American basketball player
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
