EVENTS:
- 622 – The beginning of the Islamic calendar.
- 1935 – The world’s first parking meter is installed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
- 1945 – Manhattan Project: the Atomic Age begins when the United States successfully detonates a plutonium-based test nuclear weapon near Alamogordo, New Mexico.
- 1969 – Apollo program: Apollo 11, the first mission to land astronauts on the Moon, is launched from the Kennedy Space Center at Cape Kennedy, Florida.
- 1990 – The Luzon Earthquake strikes in Benguet, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, La Union, Aurora, Bataan, Zambales and Tarlac, Philippines, with an intensity of 7.7.
- 1994 – Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 collides with Jupiter. Impacts continue until July 22.
- 2007 – An earthquake of magnitude 6.8 and 6.6 aftershock occurs off the Niigata coast of Japan killing eight people, injuring at least 800 and damaging a nuclear power plant.
- 2013 – At least 23 children die at a school in Bihar, India, after consuming food tainted with organophosphorus compounds.
- 2015 – Four U.S. Marines and one gunman die in a shooting spree targeting military installations in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
- 2018 – US President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin meet at the Helsinki summit.
BIRTHS:
- 1888 – Frits Zernike, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1966)
- 1910 – Stan McCabe, Australian cricketer (d. 1968)
- 1920 – Anwar Hussain, Pakistani cricketer (d. 2002)
- 1926 – Irwin Rose, American biologist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1927 – John Warr, English cricketer
- 1936 – Venkataraman Subramanya, Indian cricketer
- 1939 – Shringar Nagaraj, Indian actor and producer (d. 2013)
- 1943 – Jimmy Johnson, American football player and coach
- 1948 – Kevin McKenzie, South African cricketer
- 1973 – Shaun Pollock, South African cricketer
- 1991 – Andros Townsend, English footballer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
