EVENTS:
- 1863 – Robert College of Istanbul–Turkey, the first American educational institution outside the United States, is founded by Christopher Robert, an American philanthropist.
- 1959 – The first successful photocopier, the Xerox 914, is introduced in a demonstration on live television from New York City.
- 1961 – The United States National Hurricane Research Project drops eight cylinders of silver iodide into the eyewall of Hurricane Esther. Wind speed reduces by 10%, giving rise to Project Stormfury.
- 1975 – Papua New Guinea gains independence from Australia.
- 1978 – An earthquake measuring 7.5 to 7.9 on the Richter scale hits the city of Tabas, Iran killing about 25,000 people.
- 2007 – One-Two-GO Airlines Flight 269 carrying 128 crew and passengers crashes in Thailand killing 89 people.
- 2013 – A gunman kills twelve people at the Navy Yard in Washington, D.C.
- 2014 – The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant launches its Kobani offensive against Syrian–Kurdish forces.
- 2015 – A 8.3 Mw earthquake strikes the Chilean city of Illapel, killing 15 people, injuring at least 34, leaving at least six missing, and causing extensive damage. One person also dies in Argentina.
- 2019 – Five months before the COVID-19 stock market crash, an overnight spike in lending rates in the United States prompts the Federal Reserve to conduct operations in the repo market.
- 2021 – A 6.0 Mw earthquake strikes Lu County, Sichuan, China, killing three and injuring more than 88.[7]
- 2022 – During the Let Yet Kone massacre, the Burmese military kills 13 villagers, including eight children, after attacking a school in Sagaing Region, Myanmar.
- 2022 – The death of Mahsa Amini occurred, which sparked worldwide protests.
BIRTHS:
- 1853 – Albrecht Kossel, German physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1927)
- 1888 – Frans Eemil Sillanpää, Finnish author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1964)
- 1893 – Albert Szent-Györgyi, Hungarian-American physiologist and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
- 1916 – M. S. Subbulakshmi, Indian singer and actress (d. 2004)
- 1932 – Micky Stewart, English cricketer and coach
- 1943 – Wang Houjun, Chinese footballer and manager (d. 2012)
- 1954 – Sanjoy Bandopadhyay, Indian sitar player and composer
- 1957 – David McCreery, Irish footballer and manager
- 1959 – Dave Richardson, South African cricketer, manager, and lawyer
- 1965 – Karl-Heinz Riedle, German footballer and manager
- 1972 – Mark Bruener, American football player
- 1989 – José Salomón Rondón, Venezuelan footballer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
