EVENTS:
- 1449 – Tumu Crisis – Mongols capture the Emperor of China.
- 1604 – Adi Granth, now known as Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhs, was first installed at Harmandir Sahib.
- 1804 – Juno, one of the four largest asteroids in the Main Belt, is discovered by the German astronomer Karl Ludwig Harding.
- 1878 – Emma Nutt becomes the world’s first female telephone operator when she is recruited by Alexander Graham Bell to the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company.
- 1902 – A Trip to the Moon, considered one of the first science fiction films, is released in France.
- 1920 – The Fountain of Time opens as a tribute to the 100 years of peace between the United States and Great Britain following the Treaty of Ghent.
- 1923 – The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing about 105,000 people.
- 1952 – The Old Man and the Sea, the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Ernest Hemingway, is first published.
- 1991 – Uzbekistan declares independence from the Soviet Union.
- 2004 – The Beslan school hostage crisis commences when armed terrorists take children and adults hostage in Beslan in North Ossetia, Russia.
- 2008 – Iraq War: The United States Armed Forces transfers control of Anbar Province to the Iraqi Armed Forces.
- 2022 – Physicians at AdventHealth Central Florida Division developed a new five hour test for brain-eating amoebas.
BIRTHS:
- 1877 – Francis William Aston, English chemist and physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1945)
- 1895 – Chembai, Indian singer (d. 1974)
- 1895 – Engelbert Zaschka, German engineer and designer, invented the Human-powered aircraft (d. 1955)
- 1908 – Amir Elahi, Pakistani cricketer (d. 1980)
- 1919 – Ossie Dawson, South African cricketer (d. 2008)
- 1921 – Madhav Mantri, Indian cricketer (d. 2014)
- 1931 – Abdul Haq Ansari, Indian theologian and scholar (d. 2012)
- 1949 – P. A. Sangma, Indian politician, 11th Speaker of the Lok Sabha
- 1951 – David Bairstow, English cricketer and sportscaster (d. 1998)
- 1959 – Kenny Mayne, American football player and journalist
- 1963 – Stephen Kernahan, Australian footballer
- 1970 – Padma Lakshmi, Indian-American actress and author
- 1973 – Ram Kapoor, Indian actor
- 1976 – Clare Connor, English cricketer
- 1988 – Mushfiqur Rahim, Bangladeshi cricketer
- 1991 – Rhys Bennett, English footballer
- 2002 – Diane Parry, French tennis player
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
