EVENTS:
- 1906 – The Wright brothers are granted U.S. patent number 821,393 for their “Flying-Machine”.
- 1942 – The Steel Workers Organizing Committee disbands, and a new trade union, the United Steelworkers, is formed.
- 1960 – An earthquake measuring 9.5 on the moment magnitude scale, now known as the Great Chilean Earthquake, hits southern Chile. It is the most powerful earthquake ever recorded.
- 1962 – Continental Airlines Flight 11 crashes after bombs explode on board.
- 1972 – Ceylon adopts a new constitution, thus becoming a Republic, changes its name to Sri Lanka, and joins the Commonwealth of Nations.
- 1987 – Hashimpura massacre in Meerut, India.
- 1990 – Microsoft releases the Windows 3.0 operating system.
- 2010 – An Air India Express Boeing 737 goes over a cliff and crashes upon landing at Mangalore, India, killing 158 of the 166 people on board. It is the worst crash involving a Boeing 737.
- 2011 – An EF5 tornado strikes Joplin, Missouri, killing 162 people and wreaking $2.8 billion in damage—the costliest and seventh-deadliest single tornado in U.S. history.
- 2014 – An explosion occurs in Ürümqi, the capital of China’s far-western Xinjiang region, resulting in at least 43 deaths and 91 injuries.
- 2017 – 22 people are killed at an Ariana Grande concert in the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing.
- 2017 – United States President Donald Trump visits the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem and becomes the first sitting U.S. President to visit the Western Wall.
- 2020 – Pakistan International Airlines Flight 8303 crashes in Model Colony near Jinnah International Airport in Karachi, Pakistan, killing 98 people.
- 2021 – Hypothermia kills 21 runners in the 100 km (60-mile) Gansu ultramarathon disaster in China.
BIRTHS:
- 1783 – William Sturgeon, English physicist and inventor, invented the Electromagnet and Electric motor (d. 1850)
- 1879 – Warwick Armstrong, Australian cricketer (d. 1947)
- 1905 – Bodo von Borries, German physicist, co-invented the electron microscope (d. 1956)
- 1912 – Herbert C. Brown, English-American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)
- 1927 – George Andrew Olah, Hungarian-American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1943 – Betty Williams, Irish activist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1944 – Vaiko, Indian politician
- 1981 – Lee Bullock, English footballer
- 1985 – Graham Harrell, American football player
- 1991 – Kyle Bartley, English footballer
- 1997 – Lauri Markkanen, Finnish basketball player
- 2002 – Anthony Richardson, American football player
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
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