EVENTS:
- 1788 – South Carolina ratifies the United States Constitution as the 8th American state.
- 1911 – The New York Public Library is dedicated.
- 1939 – The U.S. Navy submarine USS Squalus sinks off the coast of New Hampshire during a test dive, causing the death of 24 sailors and two civilian technicians. The remaining 32 sailors and one civilian naval architect are rescued the following day.
- 1949 – The Federal Republic of Germany is established and the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany is proclaimed.
- 1995 – The first version of the Java programming language is released.
- 2006 – Alaskan stratovolcano Mount Cleveland erupts.
- 2008 – The International Court of Justice (ICJ) awards Middle Rocks to Malaysia and Pedra Branca (Pulau Batu Puteh) to Singapore, ending a 29-year territorial dispute between the two countries.
- 2014 – Seven people, including the perpetrator, are killed and another 14 injured in a killing spree near the campus of University of California, Santa Barbara.
- 2015 – At least 46 people are killed as a result of floods caused by a tornado in Texas and Oklahoma.
- 2016 – Eight bombings were carried out by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria in Jableh and Tartus, coastline cities in Syria. One hundred eight-four people were killed and at least 200 people injured.
- 2017 – Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte declared martial law in Mindanao, following the Maute’s attack in Marawi.
- 2021 – A cable car falls from a mountain near Lake Maggiore in northern Italy, killing 14 people.
- 2021 – Ryanair Flight 4978 is forced to land by Belarusian authorities to detain dissident journalist Roman Protasevich.
- 2022 – Anthony Albanese of the Australian Labor Party is sworn in as the 31st Prime Minister of Australia after winning the 2022 Australian federal election, ending 9 years of conservative rule.
BIRTHS:
- 1891 – Pär Lagerkvist, Swedish author and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
- 1895 – Billy Smith, English footballer and manager (d. 1956)
- 1906 – Pran Nath Thapar, Indian army officer (d. 1975)
- 1908 – John Bardeen, American physicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
- 1918 – Denis Compton, English cricketer (d. 1997)
- 1925 – Joshua Lederberg, American biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008)
- 1942 – Kovelamudi Raghavendra Rao, Indian director, screenwriter, and choreographer
- 1945 – Padmarajan, Indian director, screenwriter, and author (d. 1991)
- 1965 – Woorkeri Raman, Indian cricketer and coach
- 1980 – Gary Brackett, American football player
- 1986 – Ruben Zadkovich, Australian footballer
- 1997 – Joe Gomez, English footballer
- 1997 – Sam Timmins, New Zealand basketball player
