EVENTS:
- 301 – San Marino, one of the smallest nations in the world and the world’s oldest republic still in existence, is founded by Saint Marinus.
- 1260 – The Mamluks defeat the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in Palestine, marking their first decisive defeat and the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire.
- 1802 – William Wordsworth composes the sonnet Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802.
- 1875 – The first official game of polo is played in Argentina after being introduced by British ranchers.
- 1895 – John Brallier becomes the first openly professional American football player, when he was paid US$10 by David Berry, to play for the Latrobe Athletic Association in a 12–0 win over the Jeanette Athletic Association.
- 1945 – A three-day celebration begins in China, following the Victory over Japan Day on September 2.
- 1971 – Qatar becomes an independent state.
- 2014 – Heavy monsoon rains and flash floods leave over 200 people dead across India and Pakistan.
- 2016 – The U.S. and China, together responsible for 40% of the world’s carbon emissions, both formally ratify the Paris global climate agreement.
- 2017 – North Korea conducts its sixth and most powerful nuclear test.
BIRTHS:
- 1841 – Tom Emmett, English cricketer (d. 1904)
- 1869 – Fritz Pregl, Slovenian chemist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1930)
- 1899 – Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Australian virologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1985)
- 1900 – Percy Chapman, English cricketer (d. 1961)
- 1905 – Carl David Anderson, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
- 1905 – John Mills, New Zealand cricketer (d. 1972)
- 1920 – Les Medley, English footballer (d. 2001)
- 1923 – Kishan Maharaj, Indian tabla player (d.2008)
- 1926 – Uttam Kumar, Indian actor, singer, director, and producer (d. 1980)
- 1944 – Geoff Arnold, English cricketer and coach
- 1951 – Denys Hobson, South African cricketer
- 1971 – Kiran Desai, Indian-American author
- 1974 – Rahul Sanghvi, Indian cricketer
- 1976 – Vivek Oberoi, Indian actor
- 1985 – Kelvin Wilson, English footballer
- 2010 – Tanitoluwa Adewumi, Nigerian-American chess player
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
