EVENTS:
- 1794 – The 11th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is passed by the U.S. Congress.
- 1882 – Britain’s first electric trams run in east London.
- 1899 – Cyclone Mahina sweeps in north of Cooktown, Queensland, with a 12 metres (39 ft) wave that reaches up to 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) inland, killing over 300.
- 1908 – The Collinwood school fire, Collinwood near Cleveland, Ohio, kills 174 people.
- 1913 – The United States Department of Labor is formed.
- 1977 – The 1977 Vrancea earthquake in eastern and southern Europe kills more than 1,500, mostly in the seriously damaged city of Bucharest, Romania.
- 1985 – The Food and Drug Administration approves a blood test for AIDS infection, used since then for screening all blood donations in the United States.
- 2001 – BBC bombing: A massive car bomb explodes in front of the BBC Television Centre in London, seriously injuring one person. The attack was attributed to the Real IRA.
- 2012 – A series of explosions is reported at a munitions dump in Brazzaville, the capital of the Republic of the Congo, killing at least 250 people.
- 2013 – A plane crash in Democratic Republic of the Congo kills 6 people.
- 2015 – At least 34 miners die in a suspected gas explosion at the Zasyadko coal mine in rebel-held Donetsk region of Ukraine.
- 2018 – Former MI6 spy Sergei Skripal and his daughter are poisoned with a Novichok nerve agentin Salisbury, England, causing a diplomatic uproar that results in mass-expulsions of diplomats from all countries involved.
- 2020 – Nik Wallenda becomes the first person to walk over the Masaya Volcano in Nicaragua.
BIRTHS:
- 1877 – Garrett Morgan, American inventor (d. 1963)
- 1888 – Knute Rockne, American football player and coach (d. 1931)
- 1921 – Phanishwar Nath ‘Renu’, Indian author and activist (d. 1977)
- 1938 – Don Perkins, American football player and sportscaster
- 1944 – Len Walker, English footballer and manager
- 1962 – Paul Canoville, English footballer
- 1967 – Daryll Cullinan, South African cricketer and coach
- 1968 – Graham Westley, English footballer and manager
- 1972 – Robert Smith, American football player and sportscaster
- 1976 – Robbie Blake, English footballer
- 1979 – Paul Terry, English footballer
- 1994 – Callum Harriott, English footballer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
