EVENTS:
- 1933 – Great Depression: President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares a “bank holiday“, closing all U.S. banks and freezing all financial transactions.
- 1966 – BOAC Flight 911 crashes on Mount Fuji, Japan, killing 124.
- 1975 – First meeting of the Homebrew Computer Club
- 1978 – The Landsat 3 is launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.
- 1979 – America’s Voyager 1 spacecraft has its closest approach to Jupiter, 172,000 miles.
- 2003 – In Haifa, 17 Israeli civilians are killed by in the Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing.
- 2012 – At least two people are killed and six injured after a shooting in a hair salon in Bucharest, Romania.
- 2018 – Syrian civil war: The Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) pause the Deir ez-Zor campaign due to the Turkish-led invasion of Afrin.
- 2021 – Pope Francis begins a historical visit to Iraq amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
- 2021 – Twenty people are killed and 30 injured in a suicide car bombing in Mogadishu, Somalia.
- 2023 – The 2023 Estonian parliamentary election is held, with two centre-right liberal parties gaining an absolute majority for the first time.
- 2023 – A group of four prisoners escape from the Nouakchott Civil Prison, before being caught the next day.
BIRTHS:
- 1913 – Gangubai Hangal, Indian singer (d. 2009)
- 1918 – James Tobin, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002)
- 1934 – Daniel Kahneman, Israeli- American economist and psychologist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1938 – Fred Williamson, American football player, actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1946 – Graham Hawkins, English footballer and manager
- 1951 – Rodney Hogg, Australian cricketer and coach
- 1966 – Michael Irvin, American football player, sportscaster, and actor
- 1971 – Greg Berry, English footballer and coach
- 1975 – Sasho Petrovski, Australian footballer
- 1975 – Chris Silverwood, English cricketer and coach
- 1978 – Jared Crouch, Australian footballer
- 1993 – Harry Maguire, English footballer
HOLIDAYS and OBSERVANCES:
